my set up:
I have a M-audio delta44 sound card which is the same chipset ice1712 as yours. And that's it really.
I've got other hardware plugged into that: mixer, fx etc.
I don't do a lot of midi stuff, sequencing etc. but I use various softsynths like qsynth, qsampler, yoshimi and azr3.
I play these with my M-audio keyrig 49 keyboard which plugs into a usb port. I use the qjackctl connections tab to connect the kybd to the the synth, the synth to audio_out and off i go ...
( a quick thought: in the qjackctl setup tab bottom left: set Midi driver to "seq" : might save you some grief later )
I'm running Debian ( testing branch ) which I installed 8 (?) years ago and have updated regularly (daily these days). I wouldn't recommend Debian to a newcomer ( unless they had considerable expertise ) because of the initial configuration hassles. E.g. I had to compile my own real-time kernel from source. ( Which is not _that_ hard but might leave you holding handfuls of hair and your neighbours wondering what all the screaming is all about

)
The M-audio cards are very well supported on linux and very popular for that reason- the hassles you've been having are configuration ones: the hardware support is not going to away anytime in the foreseeable future.
This is the trade-off with linux: mostly ( although there are several valiant attempts ) it is not a consumer-grade white-goods type system. It is free ( speech and beer ), the choices are immense, you can configure stuff right down to kernel level, but it just takes that bit of extra work.
Which is cool if you enjoy that kind of challenge ( I do; I guess you're up for it too ).
But that's the price of getting the system you want, that does what you want.
(/end of rant )