Is microphone gain level set in USB interface so peak led flashes occasionally to confirm good audio level going to JACK?
suggest you connect level meters in JACK at USB input, to confirm level is good arriving in JACK
and also at output to Pulseaudio JACK Sink, to confirm level is not reduced in JACK
You might see drop in level at Pulseaudio Volume Control > Input Devices
Level drop here would indicate problem with Pulseaudio JACK Sink
I suspect level drop is not until Pulseaudio Volume Control > Recording
That would confirm problem is within Pulseaudio
For alsamixer, typically the F6 "- (default)" option has name PulseAudio
These level settings function the same as Pulseaudio Volume Control level settings in the tabs for "Input Devices" and "Output Devices"
If level is changed in pavucontrol, equivalent level control in alsamixer changes
The other alsamixer F6 options to select hardware devices are more important to check for correct levels that can't be inspected in Pulseaudio
However, I have found that most USB interfaces do not have any software level controls, just manual controls on the interface
If you can find the USB interface listed as a device in alsamixer, you may well find a blank space with no mixer elements