To begin with, it’s not advisable to use lossy-compression source material (e.g. mp3) when you plan to do further processing.
Next, it depends on whether you want to process the files in real time or offline. The swh plugins available in Ubuntu (both LADSPA and LV2) list karaoke that might do that dynamically. There’s also Kn0ck0ut available at
http://www.freewebs.com/st3pan0va, which is a bit more complex, but that is a Windows VST. There is an LV2 port in Arch, but it’s not in the Ubuntu repos.
If you want to process the files offline, the Audacity audio editor has a ‘Vocal remover’ plugin that can work both ways (either keep only vocals or ditch them). You can also set a frequency band for the plugin to operate in. It will load just about any audio file format you can think of.
I haven’t tried any of those, so I don’t have any experience in the field, sorry.
As always, extracting or removing the vocals from a track is a tricky operation and it depends on how they are panned in the original, so your mileage may vary.
By the way, if you’re a DJ, you might want to take a look at Mixxx (
http://www.mixxx.org/). It’s also available in the Ubuntu repos. Never used it, though, I’m not a DJ.